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Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation company specializing in Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and offers a variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core web search business, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth locations. The business is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise consumer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the couple of tech companies globally to provide a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer system principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly focused on generative AI related products. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early development

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also worked on developing much better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which included ranking the popularity of a web website based on the number of other websites had linked to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on utilized his RankDex technology for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for advertisement area then pay Baidu whenever a customer clicked an advertisement, predating Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news search engine and image online search engine, embracing an unique identification innovation efficient in identifying and organizing the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources specified that Baidu received a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides revealing particular results as an online search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees manage their organization relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo task (Apolong), a self-driving lorry platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of autonomous vehicles including automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to launch this job in July 2017, before gradually introducing fully self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to purchase as lots of as 100 autonomous driving tasks over the occurring 3 years. [36] At the same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was also introduced. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, auto market providers, on automated driving and connected cars. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to act as the company’s official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous different languages. Smaller than a typical smartphone, the 140-gram translation gadget can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 nations. It is still under development. Baidu will also be inserting synthetic intelligence (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the very same period, it has actually also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu announced that its first yearly Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, designers, and media to talk about the business’s objective and method, innovation developments, brand-new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU service” part of its overseas company, which established a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now runs individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar principle stated to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise features the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to offer predictive recommendations to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric lorry company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its first concept ROBO-01 in the type of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical lorry platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had finished 6 million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless lorries in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that internet browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a site purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper website unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This website has been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later released legal action versus Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel changed the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, regardless of stopping working security verification treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu employees detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 employees of Baidu were arrested on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The kickbacks were supposedly spent for deleting posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, but it has actually been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger arrangement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, all of a sudden turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows marketers to have their ads revealed in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based upon payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and suspicion amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues concerning reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as numerous as the first 2 pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its advertising items by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it tough for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up business address either in China or in defined East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu played down its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.

It is also apparent that Baidu is trying to get in the Internet social media network market. As of 2011 [upgrade], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the international social network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would take on Baidu with competitors from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have actually utilized anticompetitive methods in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually begun to buy deep knowing research and is integrating brand-new deep learning technology into some of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live made an application for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This technology immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and filters out material that might violate copyright law. This enables Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they got permits from China to supply the first driverless taxis. The business aim to offer driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars and trucks set to start using trips to guests within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can block works from its inquiry results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a suit that sought to penalize the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet authorities departments to detect information associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with alerts dispelling misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big data and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, together with other Internet companies, to “conduct unique supervision” on news and info related to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page apparently added to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer therapy he discovered online. The 21-year-old college trainee was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The incident activated massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a team of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report declared medical advertising offsets 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which comes from for-profit health centers that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the country founded by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose a number of constraints on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to marketing content and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of diseases will completely stop industrial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public welfare organizations. In action to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal healthcare facilities have gotten in a period of market improvement and upgrading, and are neither based on publishing bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s choice will not have an unfavorable influence on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings improving background programs on user devices since at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications established by the business, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking on web ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits generated by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user ranking of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese sites that were banned or obstructed in India for national security reasons. [119]

2024 head of interactions controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked significant reactions throughout the Chinese social media for endorsing harmful office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited even more conversations among Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly apologized after the incident and has actually presumably lost her task. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.